Money Creation: An Introduction

One of the great mysteries and elegant features of the financial system in general, and of the banking sector in particular, is the creation of new money. The largest component of the money stock, bank deposits, is created by accounting entries. Many texts which cover money creation regard the reserve requirement (RR) as being at the very centre of the process, and many still regard the process as starting with a bank receiving a new deposit (placing the required reserves with the central bank, lending out the rest, which then arrives back in the banking system as a deposit; then the reserve requirement based on this deposit is placed with the central bank ... and so on until the process ends with the factor new deposit x 1 / RR ratio). There are countries which do not have a RR, and money is still created in these countries, because money is bank deposits in the main and these are created when banks make loans. The RR is just one of the many factors that impact on bank liquidity.

Content

1. Introduction and early history
   1. Learning outcomes
   2. Introduction
   3. Money and inflation
   4. Money: technical issues
   5. The simplicity of money creation
   6. Barter
   7. Primitive money
   8. Precious metal coin money
   9. Money creation in the precious metal coin money age
   10. Bibliography
2. Bank note and deposit money
   1. Learning outcomes
   2. Introduction
   3. Bank note money
   4. Bank deposit money
   5. Bank note convertibility into gold
   6. Bibliography
3. Financial system and money market
   1. Learning outcomes
   2. Introduction
   3. The financial system
   4. The money market
   5. Money market interest rates
   6. The interbank markets
   7. Bibliography
4. Money creation: sources & fallacies
   1. Learning outcomes
   2. Introduction
   3. Measuring money
   4. Money identity: sources of money creation
   5. Money creation: fallacies
   6. Bibliography
5. Bank liquidity management
   1. Learning outcomes
   2. Introduction
   3. What is bank liquidity?
   4. Rationale for a liquidity shortage
   5. An analysis of bank liquidity
   6. Bibliography
6. Monetary policy
   1. Learning outcomes
   2. Introduction
   3. Money and inflation
   4. A policy on money: then
   5. A policy on money: now
   6. The path of monetary policy: from interest to inflation
   7. Bibliography
7. Endnotes